When to use it
Use integrated analysis when schedule delay changes cost or exposure materially.
When to be cautious
Independent cost sums cannot reproduce schedule-path switching or shared-resource delays.
Apply it
- Validate the deterministic network and cost boundary.
- Model uncertain inputs and their common causes explicitly.
- Compare forecast percentiles with risk appetite and response options.
An example in practice
Delayed access prolongs both equipment rental and staff effort. Model that shared driver instead of treating the costs as independent risks.
Source & credit
Common scheduling practice. The critical-path method is associated with James E. Kelley Jr. and Morgan R. Walker; their 1959 paper is the historical reference.
GAO: Schedule Assessment Guide
This explanation and example are independently written. The source is a reading reference; linking it does not grant permission to reuse its text, figures or assessments.