When to use it

A useful fit

Use the idea to reflect on a response to a disagreement and consider alternatives before acting automatically.

Know the limits

Do not turn a brief guide into a personality test or claim that it substitutes for the proprietary instrument.

How to use it

  1. Clarify what each party needs and what is negotiable.
  2. Consider whether time, safety, authority and willingness permit joint problem solving.
  3. Choose a response, state its limits and review whether it resolved the issue or merely delayed it.

Worked example

A team disagrees about a release window. Rather than immediately splitting the available time, the lead asks what each side must protect. They discover that a rehearsal can resolve the operational concern before the release decision.

Illustrative scenario by fannarmaximus; not an official exam question.

Common pitfalls

A quick compromise can divide the difference while leaving the underlying need unmet.

Attribution & sources

Kenneth W. Thomas and Ralph H. Kilmann developed the Thomas–Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument. This page describes the general idea independently; no instrument items, scoring keys or proprietary figures are reproduced.

The citations below identify authoritative references for this topic. They do not imply endorsement or reproduce the bodies’ competence lists.

  • Thomas, K. W. (1976). Conflict and conflict management. In M. D. Dunnette (ed.), Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology (pp. 889–935). Chicago: Rand McNally.
  • Kilmann, R. H. & Thomas, K. W. (1977). Developing a forced-choice measure of conflict-handling behavior: the "MODE" instrument. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 37(2), 309–325. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447703700204

Co-creator’s instrument information

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