When to use it

A useful fit

Use it at mobilisation, when several organisations share delivery, or when decisions repeatedly wait for the wrong meeting.

Know the limits

Do not create extra boards where a named owner with clear authority would do. Urgent safety or mandatory reporting routes take precedence over a routine escalation ladder.

How to use it

  1. Map decisions and authority limits, including supplier and operational responsibilities.
  2. Agree what evidence triggers an escalation and how quickly it must be answered.
  3. Bring options and consequences to the appropriate decision owner, then record the outcome.

Worked example

A supplier forecasts a delay that would miss an agreed service launch. The project manager documents recovery and phased-release options and asks the sponsor to decide before the next routine board meeting. The decision log records who owns the revised date.

Illustrative scenario by fannarmaximus; not an official exam question.

Common pitfalls

Waiting until a limit is actually breached removes time to act on a forecast.

Attribution & sources

Common governance practice; the series’ arrangement and this explanation are by fannarmaximus.

The citations below identify authoritative references for this topic. They do not imply endorsement or reproduce the bodies’ competence lists.

  • IPMA® (2015). Individual Competence Baseline for Project, Programme and Portfolio Management, Version 4.0 (ICB4). Zurich: International Project Management Association. ISBN 978-94-92338-00-6 (print), 978-94-92338-01-3 (pdf). Free PDF from IPMA®: https://ipma.world/ipma-standards-development-programme/icb4/
  • Project Management Institute (2025). A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide), Eighth Edition, and The Standard for Project Management. Newtown Square, PA: PMI®. ISBN 9781628258295.
  • Association for Project Management (2025). APM Body of Knowledge, 8th edition. Princes Risborough: APM. ISBN 9781913305390.

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