When to explore this

Start with uncertainty, feedback and the cost of changing completed work.

Origin & attribution

James P. Womack and Daniel T. Jones, Lean Thinking (1996); substantial earlier roots in Toyota’s production system.

Lean Enterprise Institute: Lean thinking ↗

Source version and review status

Bibliographic source identified. Consult the linked publisher for the current edition; a current-version review is not recorded for this entry.

Publication or author details are given above. Treatment: source pointer and original orientation. No third-party reproduction permission is asserted.

Using this reference

This page identifies the approach for further reading. Names and marks identify their respective owners; no affiliation, endorsement or permission to reproduce their materials is implied.

Learn and apply

Explore delivery: guides, calculations and sources