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Preview of Net present value and IRR
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Sources and attribution

  • IPMA® (2015). Individual Competence Baseline for Project, Programme and Portfolio Management, Version 4.0 (ICB4). Zurich: International Project Management Association. ISBN 978-94-92338-00-6 (print), 978-94-92338-01-3 (pdf). Free PDF from IPMA®: https://ipma.world/ipma-standards-development-programme/icb4/
  • Project Management Institute (2025). A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide), Eighth Edition, and The Standard for Project Management. Newtown Square, PA: PMI®. ISBN 9781628258295.
  • Project Management Institute (2026). Project Management Professional (PMP®)® Examination Content Outline – 2026 (July 2026 exam update). Newtown Square, PA: PMI®. PDF on pmi.org, accessed 26 September 2026.
  • Association for Project Management (2025). APM Body of Knowledge, 8th edition. Princes Risborough: APM. ISBN 9781913305390.
  • Association for Project Management (2024, version 6 of April 2026). APM Project Management Qualification: Handbook. https://www.apm.org.uk/media/3r4jbodr/apm-project-management-qualification-handbook.pdf, and the PMQ page https://www.apm.org.uk/qualifications-and-training/project-management-qualification/, accessed 26 September 2026.
  • Kerzner, H. (2013). Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling, 11th ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. ISBN 9781118022276.
  • Park, C. S. (2007). Contemporary Engineering Economics, 4th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN 9780131876286.
  • Buttrick, R. (2020). The Programme and Portfolio Workout: Directing Business-Led Programmes and Portfolios. Abingdon: Routledge. ISBN 9781138721210 (paperback); 9780367502508 (hardback).

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