When to explore this

Consider interests, influence and those affected by decisions.

Origin & attribution

R. Edward Freeman, Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach (1984). The stakeholder concept has earlier contributors and related traditions.

Cambridge: Freeman’s originating book ↗

Source version and review status

Bibliographic source identified. Consult the linked publisher for the current edition; a current-version review is not recorded for this entry.

Publication or author details are given above. Treatment: source pointer and original orientation. No third-party reproduction permission is asserted.

Using this reference

This page identifies the approach for further reading. Names and marks identify their respective owners; no affiliation, endorsement or permission to reproduce their materials is implied.

Learn and apply

Explore stakeholders: guides, calculations and sources